Top picks: the best software for each job

The best open-source password managers on Linux: KeePassXC for offline, Bitwarden for syncing everywhere, Proton Pass for aliases and pass for the terminal.

The best self-hosted apps for a Raspberry Pi, matched to model and RAM using each project's own requirements: Pi-hole, Vaultwarden, Immich, Nextcloud, more.

Coolify, Dokploy, Dokku and CapRover are the main open-source, self-hosted PaaS picks. Official requirements, licences, latest releases and who each one suits.

Vaultwarden, Bitwarden lite, Passbolt CE and Psono all run in Docker. Which suits a household, a Raspberry Pi or a team, plus the no-server KeePassXC route.

The best VPS for Coolify has 2+ cores and 2 GB of RAM (4 GB is better) on 64-bit Linux. Hetzner, Hostinger, Contabo and DigitalOcean on published prices.